Rainbow and Its Various Aspects

Table of Contents Introduction Causes and Formation Types of Rainbows General Facts In Regard To a Rainbow Works Cited Introduction A rainbow can be defined as an arch of colors that is usually formed in the sky under certain circumstances. The main cause of the formation of rainbow is the refraction and dispersion of the sun light which occur in the event of rainfall or any other form of moisture that could be present in the atmosphere. The seven colors in a rainbow are identified as violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red although these are those that are visible with many others that are not.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rainbow and Its Various Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rainbows are known to take many forms for instance red bows, twinned bows, dark bands, colored fringes, spokes, bows that cross among others depending on the circumstances under which they are formed. This piece of work gives an investigation of the various aspects associated with a rainbow for instance how it is formed and the causes of its formation as well as the various forms of rainbows. Causes and Formation Rainbows are familiar among various people in the universe since they can easily observe it but the underlying principles behind its causes and formation still remain unclear. According to Oblack (2011, par 1), a rainbow is formed through the interaction of sunlight and moisture in the atmosphere. The sunlight is usually made up of various colors and water in the atmosphere for example rain droplets act like a prism through which the sun rays are refracted so that the various colors ( red, yellow, indigo, violet, orange, blue and green among others) of the sunlight can been displayed as a rainbow. We can, therefore, say that rainbows are caused by the ripping of white sunlight into its constituent colors which is made possible by the raindrops. The water droplets acts as a prism which is responsible for the refraction and reflection processes that are necessary for the formation of the rainbow or rather the display of the various colors contained therein. Types of Rainbows According to Oblack (2008 par 3), there are various types of rainbows for example primary rainbows, secondary rainbows, glory clouds and the supernumerary rainbows. Primary rainbows form at the core with the red color being the outermost in the primary bow while the others are within. The bow is usually very shiny. The secondary (rainbow) on the other hand is reasonably fainter (as compared to the primary rainbow) owing to the second reflection and emerges outside the primary one. This type of rainbow is formed when sunlight undergoes two reflections as it hits the water droplets as opposed to one reflection as it is the case in the formation of the primary rainbow. The glory cloud develops when the sunlight enters a cloud which contains water droplets of relatively the same size . The glory cloud is usually opposite the sun, that is, at the Anti solar point. The anti solar point is the point that is directly opposite the sun as one can view it.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be said in simple terms to be the line that seems to connect the sun, the observer and the specific location of the glory cloud. The supernumerary rainbows are formed as a result of interference of the sunlight where it is forced to go through different paths in a water droplet which explains the wave nature of light (Walker 429) These different types of rainbows can then be divided into other general forms of rainbows for example reflection rainbows which are usually formed as a result of reflection of the source of light which is principally the sun. A reflection rainbow is a blend of two divergent rainbows which result from light coming from the sun and its refl ected image. Lunar rainbow on the other hand is formed as a result of the moon’s refraction as opposed to the sun. This is possible when there is the presence of a full moon since it is usually bright enough and its light can be refracted by the water droplets. The lunar rainbow is nonetheless dim than solar rainbow because the light involved is also not as bright as that of the sun. A double rainbow is completed when raindrops reflect the sunlight inwardly making it probable for us to see a dark band right between the bows. A secondary rainbow is usually seen on the outer part of the primary bow and it entails two reflections. The second reflection is particularly in charge of the inversion of the colors of a (secondary) rainbow as opposed to the primary bow. There is also another form of rare rainbow by the name, monochrome rainbow. This is rarely experienced and it is formed when there is a shower mainly during the sunrise or sunset when the sun rays are not very hot. In s uch a time the spectrum is not usually full and the shorter wavelengths are usually absent or scattered making the rainbow appear quite different as compared to when the sun is still very hot. The fact that the spectrum is not usually full when the monochrome rainbow appears is not a justification that these types of rainbows appear under the moonlight. This is because rainbows under moonlight appear in the presence of a full spectrum but they seem to be white in color due to our inability to see the colors clearly (The National Center for Atmospheric Research par 12). General Facts In Regard To a Rainbow It is argued that for an individual to view a rainbow there must be the presence of both the sun and moisture in the atmosphere. One also has to be at an angle of approximately 42 degrees to view it clearly. A rainbow is not located at a particular position in the sky as many people may think but rather its position is dependent upon some factors for instance the sun’s posit ion at a particular time and the viewer’s location. It is made of more than the seven colors we see and the colors are also seen differently by different people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rainbow and Its Various Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rainbow appears in the opposite direction in respect to the sun in regard to the viewer’s perspective with the core part of the rainbow appearing to be brighter as compared to the external areas of the rainbow. Rainbows formation is made possible due to the geometry of raindrops and it follows that the sun usually shine from behind us and its rays enter the raindrops where they are refracted inwards then reflected from the raindrop and finally refracted from it coming back to the viewer’s eyes. For there to be a rainbow formation, the sunbeams are refracted as it goes into the surface of a water droplet then reflected to the back of the droplet and finally refracted in the event of leaving the droplet. This causes reflection of the incoming sunlight over various angles to a maximum of around 42 degrees depending on aspects like the size of the droplet and the refractive index which is different in different waters. The rainbow colors are in the shape of a circle but as we observe it we just see part of the circle due to the long distance hence the arch shape (Anonymous 1). Rainbows are perceived differently with many myths being formulated in regard to their presence. It is associated with various cultural and religious aspects depending on various societies and their beliefs. It has for example been considered in Greek to be the trail that was made between the earth and heaven by Iris, a messenger. The people of China on the other hand had for a long time believed that a rainbow stood for an incision in the sky which had been closed up by a goddess employing stones that were of diverse colors. Some of these myths have been proven wrong as research has advanced and people have been able to gain a clear understanding of various aspects of rainbows (Supriya 2). The aspect of rainbows have been studied for a very long time especially while studying other aspects of reflection and refraction but it is evident that people still know little about the underlying concepts of the rainbows for instance causes and even the circumstances through which they are formed. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"What causes a rainbow?† Howstuffworks, 2011. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Oblack, Rachelle. â€Å"Glory Clouds’. About.com, 2008. Web. Oblack, Rachelle. â€Å"Rainbows†. About.com. 2011. Web. The National Center for Atmospheric Research. â€Å"About Rainbows.† Ucar, 2011. Web. Supriya, Sharon. â€Å"Interesting Myths and Facts about the Rainbow†. Oneindia, 2008. Web. Walker, Jearl. Multiple Rainbows from a Single Drop of Water and Other Liquids. American Journal of Physics Vol. 44, No. 5, pages 421-433 1976. This research paper on Rainbow and Its Various Aspects was written and submitted by user Demi Swanson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

30 tips to negotiate the salary you want

30 tips to negotiate the salary you want No matter who you are, no matter what you do as a job, there is one skill that will always (always!) come in handy: negotiation. Whether you’re a newbie just starting out on your career path or a seasoned professional, being able to negotiate salary or raises helps ensure that you’re getting the most out of your career. Before You StartBefore you even get in the room and start negotiating (or crack open your email), there are some tips you should follow first.1. Know your worth.The absolute baseline for any negotiation is knowing what you’re worth. This isn’t some existential exercise- this is knowing the dollar value of your professional skills and experience in the current market, in your current industry. Sites like Salary.com, Glassdoor, and PayScale provide valuable real-time information about what people in your position are making at different companies, in different regions, at different experience levels. Using that kind of data you can get a pret ty solid sense of what you’re worth in the employment marketplace.2. Keep your mindset realistic.Chances are, you’re not going to get everything you want. So before you even start it’s good to steel yourself for an outcome that may be a little less than you were picturing. After all, when you’re done you want to be able to enjoy what you did win here, rather than focus on what you lost.3. Don’t limit your research to salary.If you’re negotiating a job offer, make sure you know everything you can find out about your prospective new company. If their stock is tanking, or there’s a general sense of upheaval, you might not be able to negotiate all that much above an initial offer. If the company is flush and doing well, there might be greater leeway for negotiation.4. Get your plan together.This is not the time to wing it, no matter how confident you feel. Go into this with a specific plan for what exactly what you’re going to ask for, what information you’re going to use to support that ask, and what you’ll say when met with different responses.5. Look at the calendar.Believe it or not, studies have shown that you’re more likely to get a raise if you ask on a Thursday. Maybe it’s pre-weekend goodwill, or it’s that the Monday-related grumpiness has dissipated. Whatever it is, it’s a psychological advantage that could help you, without the other person realizing it.Getting StartedOkay, so you have your numbers in mind (and written down), and you have a realistic sense of where this negotiation can go. How do you kick off the next phase?6. Get pumped.What gets you awake and ready to act decisively and confidently? If that’s a #treatyoself latte, do it. If morning yoga or a run helps energize you and make you feel centered, go for the Zen. Basically, whatever helps you feel focused and confident, make sure you allow yourself time to do that before any negotiation. 7. Exude confidence.You know how baseball players have special walk-up music playing when they come up to bat? Find your walk-up song. Don’t blare it as you enter the room (that’s a bit too extra), but definitely have it in your head as you walk into the room with your head held high. Or if you’re negotiating remotely via email, have your power song(s) playing on repeat in the background.8. Rock your body (language).Body language is one of the most important factors in an in-person negotiation. Strong, confident posture and body language show that you’re comfortable advocating for yourself and aren’t likely to accept whatever they throw your way first. They also show that you’re engaged and approaching this in a calm, friendly-but-businesslike way. Make sure you’re not being too aggressive in your body language, though, because that can backfire as much as being too weak or nervous.9. Remember, you’re not here to make enemies.N egotiation is something done in good faith, assuming that both parties are trying to come to an agreement that works. If you go full-on aggro, you ruin that element of good faith. It’s not going to make your negotiation partner want to give you more- and it much more likely to have the opposite effect. And it’s crucial to remember that this is someone you’ll have to deal with at work after the negotiation is over, so don’t say or do anything you’d regret later.10. Start with the right questions.It can be tempting to jump in with â€Å"here’s what I want,† but this is your chance to get more info about the other party. You can start the conversation about asking about priorities and the other party’s goals for the negotiation. Sure, it’s small talk, but it can help you measure your next step.The Big NegotiationOnce you’re in it (either in the same room or locked in an email exchange), it’s important to keep up your confidence and your momentum.11. Move first.Be the first one to put out a number. There’s an old saying that you don’t want to be the one who blinks first, but that’s not really valid here. By putting your own highest number out first, you’re setting the bar for the conversation.12. Go a little higher than you want.Again, keep it realistic, but if you inflate your upper range a bit the other party will feel like they’re getting a â€Å"deal† when they talk you down from that initial number. Assuming the number is somewhat realistic based on your research, you likely won’t be laughed out of the negotiation room.13. Don’t talk about ranges.In your prep work, you came up with a range of numbers you’d accept. Keep that in your head (or in your notes in front of you), but don’t throw out a target range to the negotiator. Your negotiating partner will automatically zoom in on the lower end of the range, so itâ⠂¬â„¢s better to stick to specific numbers rather than ranges while you’re talking.14. Focus on value.Remember all that background research you did on your professional worth? Here’s where that comes into play. Use industry stats to support your number, and emphasize the qualities that make you a good deal for that price.15. Keep it professional.Don’t bring any personal motivations or justifications into it. This is about negotiating professional compensation. Your cat’s need for expensive liposuction surgery just doesn’t (and shouldn’t) register as a valid reason why you should get a raise or a higher starting salary.16. Keep asking questions.If your negotiating partner seems resistant to any of the requests or information you’re putting out, it’s okay to ask why they seem hesitant or why they are surprised/unhappy/unwilling to move in the direction you’re trying to move.17. Listen actively.It can be easy to focus on th e offers being made and ignore everything else but the numbers flying back and forth. Make sure you listen to everything the other person is saying and how they’re saying it.Counter-negotiatingThe whole point of this is haggling, right? So you shouldn’t be surprised if your opening offer is rejected. Here’s what to do next.18. Don’t fear the counteroffer.If your number is rejected or met with skepticism, you aren’t obligated to accept whatever they offer in return. Come up with a counteroffer that is as specific and realistic as the last number.19. Stall a little.Even if you know you’re likely to accept the counteroffer they make, don’t agree right away. Take some deliberation time as you review (or at least pretend to) their counteroffer. Feel free to throw in some thoughtful â€Å"hmm†s along the way.20. Consider taking it offline.Negotiations are often done in person or on the phone, but if you primarily correspond with your negotiating partner via email, use that medium. It gives you more flexibility on timing and can help you bluff a bit if you feel your confidence failing.21. Don’t make threats.People don’t respond well to ultimatums. They just don’t. So if your big nuclear option is â€Å"well, then I quit,† don’t use that as a negotiation tactic in the middle. It’s not likely to make the other person willing to hand over exactly what you want and can end up hurting your negotiation in the long run. Similarly, don’t use other job offers as bait in a negotiation- it can sound like a threat.22. Have non-money options in mind.If you suspect that salary negotiations aren’t going to go far, consider including benefits like flex time, a better title, or other workplace concessions as part of your counteroffer.Accepting (Or Walking Away)At a certain point, you’ll have budged as far as you’re willing to go, and so will have your negotiat ion partner. It’s time to start thinking about your negotiation exit strategy.23. Know your limit.Before you start, you should know what your dealbreaker point is. If it’s a new job, maybe that’s your current salary. If you’re trying for a raise, maybe that’s a 3% increase. Whatever your personal limit is, know it and stick to it.24. Accept graciously.If you’re on board with the negotiated salary, be a good winner. Don’t act begrudging, like you’re doing a favor by taking this offer. And don’t gloat if you ended up getting a better deal than you expected. Be a good winner.25. Don’t take it personally.Whatever happens, you shouldn’t take it as a personal slight that you’re not being offered top dollar. You have your priorities, but your negotiating partner has them as well. Those interests are not necessarily a dig at you or a suggestion that you’re not valuable.26. Have an exit plan if necessa ry.If you know that you want to leave if the negotiations don’t go a certain way, don’t stomp out of the room and quit in a huff. But do start preparing for a job search. The knowledge you have about your market value and the feedback you get during this negotiation can help you prepare for whatever professional opportunity comes next.27. Be firm about your limit.If you know you have a certain point that you’re not willing to drop below, stick to it. Try not to panic and take a subpar offer if it’s truly not going to work for you.28. Don’t drag it out.This can get particularly long if you’re doing it via email, but don’t let much time lapse between their offer(s) and your counteroffer(s). Radio silence for more than a day is not going to be met with much enthusiasm.29. Don’t get hung up on mistakes.Maybe you jumped too soon on an offer and regret it. But if you do find yourself making little mistakes along the way, don’t beat yourself up- make a note for next time.30. Live to negotiate another day.Regardless of the outcome, every negotiation becomes a useful tool for Future You. Maybe certain arguments weren’t met with the kind of response you were hoping to get. Maybe their starting offer was way lower than you expected and threw off your game. Whatever happens, you’re getting valuable tools for the next time you do this- and there will be a next time.

Why God Allowed Sin into the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why God Allowed Sin into the World - Essay Example This paper illustrates that many definitions are in use in establishing the real meaning of sin. Among the many definitions, many individuals commonly use two. Sin is the violation of an ideal relationship that exists between God and an individual or sin also involves from the ideal order of human beings. Indeed, the two definitions provide a good foundation for the understanding of sin and the various aspects pertaining to it. On such an understanding on what sin is, determining the major reasons contributing to why God allowed sin into the world remains a significantly easy task. Many question the reason why God permits sin to reign in the world, which causes great suffering among many individuals, despite His all-powerful nature. Sin originated from the Garden of Eden after the disobedience of Adam and Eve, after doing contrary to the will of God. Such an understanding brings about two major reasons as to why God allowed sin into the world. God allowed sin into the world in order to manifest his true nature and other valuable lessons. God allows sin into the world as a proof that indeed sin and its evil nature are malignant, and that the suffering attributed to sin, proofs that any contrast to God’s will results in suffering, pain, and finally leads to death. God's nature manifests best in human beings through suffering, considering that during sufferings, many individuals tend to tighten their relationship with God.